“~Library/Logs” is your current Mac user account’s user-specific application log folder, “/Library/Logs” is the system-wide application log folder, and “/var/log” generally contains logs for low-level system services. The search bar works to filter these log files, too.
To view the system log file, click “system.log.” To browse different application-specific logs, look through the other folders here. An application’s developer may need this information to fix a crash that occurs on your Mac, too.
If you need more information about why an application crashes on your system, you may be able to find it here.